When a person has seasonal allergies, the body's immune system mistakenly reacts to substances like pollen or mold as invaders. These substances are called allergens. An allergic reaction occurs as the immune system tries to fight off the allergen.
Seasonal allergies affect an estimated 40 to 50 million people in the United States. Read more in our patient education guide.
Doctors Who Treat Seasonal Allergies
As seasonal allergies are diagnosed, treated and managed, you may encounter the following team of doctors and specialists listed in this patient education guide.
- Allergist/Immunologist - Commonly referred to as an allergist, this type of doctor is specially trained to diagnose, treat and manage allergies, asthma and other immunologic disorders.
- Pediatric Allergist/Immunologist - This type of doctor is specially trained to diagnose, treat and manage allergies, asthma and other immunologic disorders in children.
- Internist or family physician - Doctors who provide general medical care for adults. Adults with seasonal allergies may initially be diagnosed and treated by an internist or family physician.
- Pediatrician - Doctor who specializes in the medical care of children. Children with seasonal allergies may initially be diagnosed and treated by a pediatrician.
How to Prepare for Your Seasonal Allergies Doctor Visit
Having made your appointment with a healthcare provider, there are certain actions that you need to take in order to maximize the benefit of your doctor visit for seasonal allergies. They are listed below in this patient education guide:
- Write down a list of your allergy symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to outdoor allergens.
- Write down the times of year and times of day that you experience allergy symptoms.
- Write down the types of plants and trees in your neighborhood, town, and areas where you frequently spend time.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins and supplements that you're taking. Include the dosage you are taking of each.
- Make a list of questions you have for the doctor so that you don't forget to ask any of them.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Seasonal Allergies
From your initial diagnosis throughout your treatment and care, you will have questions about your seasonal allergies. This patient education guide lists questions to discuss with your doctor so you can make informed decisions about your condition.
Question About My Diagnosis
- What makes me allergic to certain allergens?
- How do I find out which plant pollens I am allergic to?
- Will I need to see a specialist for my allergies? Will insurance pay for this?
- How often will I need to see the specialist?
Questions About My Treatment
- What type of medication is used to treat seasonal allergies? Are there side effects?
- Will I have to take medication forever?
- Will other medications I take interact with my allergy medication?
- Can I drink alcohol while taking my allergy medication?
- Am I a candidate for allergy shots? How do allergy shots work?
Questions About My Lifestyle & Family
- Do I need to change my daily activities and routines to avoid my allergens?
- Do I have to stay indoors during my allergy season?
- Other than staying indoors, are there steps I can take to minimize exposure to my allergens?
Common Tests or Labs to Diagnose Seasonal Allergies
At an appointment with an allergist, he or she will ask many questions about your health history and perform allergy tests to determine which allergens trigger your seasonal allergies seasonal allergies. Skin tests and blood tests are the most common forms of allergy testing and are listed below in this patient education guide.
| Test |
Why Test? |
What Happens? |
Normal Result |
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Skin Prick Test
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To find out if your body produces antibodies that react to a specific allergen
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A needle is used to place a tiny amount of allergen just below the surface of the skin on your lower arm or back.
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If you are allergic to that allergen, there will be swelling or redness at the test site.
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Blood Test
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To measure the levels of specific antibodies to allergens, such as pollen and mold, in your blood
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Blood is drawn with a syringe, typically from the arm.
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Antibodies to a specific allergen in the blood indicate a possible allergy to that allergen.
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Common Medications and Treatments for Seasonal Allergies
The patient education guide below describes the common medications used to treat seasonal allergies. The doctor may prescribe a combination of these medications depending on your specific symptoms.
| Drug Category |
How it works |
|
Antihistamines
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- Oral medications or nasal sprays that relieve sneezing and itching in the nose and eyes and reduce swelling and drainage in the nose
- Some have side effects, such as drowsiness and loss of alertness and coordination, while others cause fewer of these side effects
- Available in eye drops for eye allergy symptoms
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Nasal corticosteroids
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- Nasal sprays that prevent or reduce inflammation in the sinuses and nasal passages
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Cromolyn sodium
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- A nasal spray that helps prevent allergic rhinitis from starting by blocking the release of body chemicals that cause allergy symptoms
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Decongestants
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- Oral medications that shrink nasal passages, which helps relieve congestion, swelling, and general discomfort in the sinuses and nose
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Allergy shots
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- A series of injections containing small doses of your allergen, allowing your body to build up a natural immunity to the allergen
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In addition, people with seasonal allergies can take the following steps to minimize contact with their seasonal allergens when possible.
| Type of Allergy |
Steps to minimize exposure |
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Allergic rhinitis
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- Limit outdoor activities when pollen counts are high.
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Eye allergy
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- Wear sunglasses and a hat with a wide brim to reduce the amount of allergen that lands in the eyes.
- Apply saline eye drops after being outdoors to wash allergens out of the eyes.
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Mold allergy
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- Limit outdoor activities when mold counts are high.
- Avoid uncut fields and raking leaves.
- Take a shower after coming indoors to wash mold spores out of your hair.
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