322 Obstetrician-Gynecologists Found in Azusa, CA – Page 5

We found 322 Obstetrician-Gynecologists available in Azusa, CA with an average 4 stars across 3,309 reviews. Find the best one for your needs by years of experience, distance, reviews on Vitals, and more through the filters provided below. Currently, 159 Obstetrician-Gynecologists listed are accepting new patients and 118 accept Medicare. Showing 241 to 300 of 322 Obstetrician-Gynecologists.

Filter Obstetrician-Gynecologists Results

Featured Results

Dr. Catherine Marin DeUgarte, MD

Reproductive Endocrinology
Spent time with me
28 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Los Angeles, CA
"Dr Deugarte is the most compassionate, thoughtful, brilliant and caring physician I have ever seen. She has guided and supported me through countless ups and downs in my journey." View Profile

Dr. Shawanda Renee Obey, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Flexible scheduling
26 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Rancho Cucamonga, CA
"My experience with Dr Obey was everything you could want as an expecting parent." View Profile

Dr. Vicken V Sahakian, MD

Reproductive Endocrinology
Gave an accurate diagnosis
39 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Los Angeles, CA
Dr. Vicken Sahakian is the Chief Medical Officer of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility at Pacific Fertility Center Los Angeles (PFCLA). View Profile

Dr. Vicken P. Sepilian, MD

Reproductive Endocrinology
Provided follow-up after the visit
32 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Glendale, CA
"Dr. Sepilian and his team are phenomenal. I have never met a doctor who cares so deeply about his patients' needs or is as passionate about achieving the results you're hoping for." View Profile

Pacific Fertility Center Los Angeles

Reproductive Endocrinology
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Glendale, CA
"Incredible customer service, bedside manner, and more. Highly recommend." View Profile

Dr. Michele L. Evans, MD

Reproductive Endocrinology
Flexible scheduling
31 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Glendale, CA
"She spent over an hour just talking to us, gathering history etc. at our initial consultation. She's knowledgable, easy to talk to, and answers email within hours." View Profile

Dr. Ingrid Anne Rodi, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Had a good bedside manner
47 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Los Angeles, CA
"I don't have enough words to describe how wonderful Dr. Rodi and the staff, including but not limited to Carol, Ivory, Stephanie, Julie, and Alma, are at Pacific Fertility Center." View Profile

Dr. Ashim Kumar, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Spent time with me
28 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Virtual Visit available
Arcadia, CA
"After 4 years of unsuccessful tries at pregnancy Dr. Lunar made me dreams a reality with our little baby boy. 1 month after seeing him for the first time I was pregnant." View Profile

All Results

Dr. Mita Himansu Shah, MD

Neonatology
43 years exp
West Covina, CA5.2 mi
Dr. Mita Himansu Shah, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in West Covina, CA and WEST COVINA, CA. She has 43 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Clark G Ochikubo, MD

Neonatology
36 years exp
West Covina, CA5.2 mi
Dr. Clark G Ochikubo, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA. He has 36 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Oluwamuyiwa Olalekan Bolonduro, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
17 years exp
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.2 mi
Dr. Oluwamuyiwa Olalekan Bolonduro, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in Lancaster, CA and West Covina, CA. View Profile

Dr. Victor Sameer Mniarji, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
13 years exp
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.2 mi
Dr. Victor Sameer Mniarji, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in San Bernardino, CA and West Covina, CA(and 4 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Rachel Stuard, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.3 mi
Dr. Rachel Stuard, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Robert Santella, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.3 mi
Dr. Robert Santella, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Jack Harold Dym, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.3 mi
Dr. Jack Harold Dym, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in Montclair, CA and West Covina, CA(and 5 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Vernon Paul Wagner, MD

Family Medicine
61 years exp
Accepting New Patients
West Covina, CA5.3 mi
Dr. Vernon Paul Wagner, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in West Covina, CA and Glendale, CA(and 4 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Elizabeth Geib Voxman, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
33 years exp
West Covina, CA5.3 mi
Dr. Elizabeth Geib Voxman, MD is a health care provider primarily located in West Covina, CA, with other offices in Montebello, CA and West Covina, CA(and 2 other locations). View Profile

Dr. John David Campbell, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
68 years exp
Claremont, CA9.5 mi
Dr. John David Campbell, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Claremont, CA. He has 68 years of experience. His specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Rose Wong

Obstetrics & Gynecology
64 years exp
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA8.4 mi
Dr. Rose Wong is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. She has 64 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Eun Il Shin, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
56 years exp
Walnut, CA9.8 mi
Dr. Eun Il Shin, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Walnut, CA, with another office in Walnut, CA. She has 56 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Carol Sutoris Levi, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
38 years exp
Pomona, CA9.8 mi
Dr. Carol Sutoris Levi, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Pomona, CA, with another office in Fountain Valley, CA. She has 38 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Ju Churl Rhee

Obstetrics & Gynecology
63 years exp
Pomona, CA9.8 mi
Dr. Ju Churl Rhee is a health care provider primarily located in Pomona, CA, with other offices in Pomona, CA and Pomona, CA. He has 63 years of experience. View Profile

Carmen Young Lung

Nurse Practitioner
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Carmen Young Lung is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Cristiane Guberman De Andrade, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
27 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Cristiane Guberman De Andrade, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with another office in Baldwin Park, CA. She has 27 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Shilpa Miniyar Shah, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
20 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Shilpa Miniyar Shah, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with other offices in La Habra, CA and Baldwin Park, CA(and 3 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Christina Marie Balelo

Nurse Practitioner
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Christina Marie Balelo is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with another office in Montebello, CA. View Profile

Daryll Lynn Rogoff

Nurse Practitioner
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Daryll Lynn Rogoff is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Rakesh Paul Chillar, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
57 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Rakesh Paul Chillar, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. They have 57 years of experience. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Kaavya Rekha Raman

Obstetrics & Gynecology
7 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Kaavya Rekha Raman is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. She has 7 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Kevin Tran

Obstetrics & Gynecology
10 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Kevin Tran is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. He has 10 years of experience. His specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Nisha Nalamala

Obstetrics & Gynecology
6 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Nisha Nalamala is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with other offices in Fresno, CA and Fresno, CA. She has 6 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Stephanie A Runke

Obstetrics & Gynecology
6 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Stephanie A Runke is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with other offices in Tucson, AZ and Baldwin Park, CA(and 5 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Anna Granat

Obstetrics & Gynecology
12 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Anna Granat is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with other offices in Baldwin Park, CA and Walnut Creek, CA(and 2 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Deepika Pritam Dandade, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
27 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Deepika Pritam Dandade, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. They have 27 years of experience. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Dana Kiyomi Nakashima, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
29 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Dana Kiyomi Nakashima, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. She has 29 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Frances Lynn Lee Kita, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
14 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Frances Lynn Lee Kita, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. She has 14 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Eugene Chun-Yin Chau

Obstetrics & Gynecology
6 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Eugene Chun-Yin Chau is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA. He has 6 years of experience. His specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Julie M Kuperman, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
16 years exp
Baldwin Park, CA6.4 mi
Dr. Julie M Kuperman, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Baldwin Park, CA, with another office in Baldwin Park, CA. She has 16 years of experience. View Profile

Melinda Blue Taylor

Nurse Practitioner
Arcadia, CA6.4 mi
Melinda Blue Taylor is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Lisa Marie Garcia, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
19 years exp
Accepting New Patients
EL MONTE, CA6.7 mi
Dr. Lisa Marie Garcia, MD is a health care provider primarily located in EL MONTE, CA, with other offices in Los Angeles, CA and Los Angeles, CA(and 10 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Jamie Woodley

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
EL MONTE, CA6.7 mi
Dr. Jamie Woodley is a health care provider primarily located in EL MONTE, CA, with other offices in LONG BEACH, CA and Whittier, CA(and 14 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Ohmar Myo Kyaw Myint, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
13 years exp
EL MONTE, CA6.7 mi
Dr. Ohmar Myo Kyaw Myint, MD is a health care provider primarily located in EL MONTE, CA, with other offices in LONG BEACH, CA and Whittier, CA(and 12 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Monique Bridget Williams

Obstetrics & Gynecology
33 years exp
ARCADIA, CA6.9 mi
Dr. Monique Bridget Williams is a health care provider primarily located in ARCADIA, CA. She has 33 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Kuang-Yu Chen, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
58 years exp
Arcadia, CA7.2 mi
Dr. Kuang-Yu Chen, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA, with another office in Arcadia, CA. He has 58 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. James Ching-Yih Chen, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
59 years exp
Hacienda Heights, CA10.0 mi
Dr. James Ching-Yih Chen, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Hacienda Heights, CA, with other offices in Hacienda Heights, CA and Rowland Heights, CA. View Profile

Brooke Nathan Dreher

Nurse Practitioner
ARCADIA, CA7.6 mi
Brooke Nathan Dreher is a health care provider primarily located in ARCADIA, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Megan Solomon Gau

Obstetrics & Gynecology
10 years exp
Accepting New Patients
ARCADIA, CA7.6 mi
Dr. Megan Solomon Gau is a health care provider primarily located in ARCADIA, CA, with another office in Arcadia, CA. She has 10 years of experience. View Profile

Jennifer Ruth Rieger

Nurse Practitioner
Accepting New Patients
ARCADIA, CA7.6 mi
Jennifer Ruth Rieger is a health care provider primarily located in ARCADIA, CA, with another office in Burbank, CA. View Profile

Dr. Aldeneolia Elio Zeno, MD

Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
14 years exp
Arcadia, CA7.6 mi
Dr. Aldeneolia Elio Zeno, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA, with other offices in Glendale, CA and Arcadia, CA(and 3 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Semara Ari Thomas, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
14 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Arcadia, CA7.6 mi
Dr. Semara Ari Thomas, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA, with other offices in Arcadia, CA and Glendale, CA(and 5 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Viet Xuan Hoang

Neonatology
25 years exp
Arcadia, CA7.6 mi
Dr. Viet Xuan Hoang is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA, with other offices in Anaheim, CA and Fountain Valley, CA(and 2 other locations). View Profile

Dr. Silvia Diaz, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA8.4 mi
Dr. Silvia Diaz, MD is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Quan Kwang, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA7.9 mi
Dr. Quan Kwang, MD is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Rudy Quintero, MD

Reproductive Endocrinology
Accepting New Patients
Arcadia, CA8.2 mi
Dr. Rudy Quintero, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology. View Profile

Dr. Fravinia G Aquipel

Nurse Practitioner
Accepting New Patients
La Puente, CA8.2 mi
Dr. Fravinia G Aquipel is a health care provider primarily located in La Puente, CA, with another office in El Monte, CA. View Profile

Cynthia Ann Juarez

Nurse Practitioner
Accepting New Patients
Arcadia, CA8.3 mi
Cynthia Ann Juarez is a health care provider primarily located in Arcadia, CA, with another office in Los Angeles, CA. View Profile

Fabiana Elizabeth Lopapa Jones

Nurse Practitioner
Accepting New Patients
LA PUENTE, CA8.4 mi
Fabiana Elizabeth Lopapa Jones is a health care provider primarily located in LA PUENTE, CA, with other offices in La Habra, CA and LA PUENTE, CA. View Profile

Nisha E Hatia

Nurse Practitioner
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA8.4 mi
Nisha E Hatia is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA, with another office in Tarzana, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Alonzo J Fields, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
63 years exp
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA8.4 mi
Dr. Alonzo J Fields, MD is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. He has 63 years of experience. His specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Chemin Perez, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sierra Madre, CA8.5 mi
Dr. Chemin Perez, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Sierra Madre, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Benny Newman

Obstetrics & Gynecology
52 years exp
La Puente, CA8.6 mi
Dr. Benny Newman is a health care provider primarily located in La Puente, CA. He has 52 years of experience. His specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Alan Key Kims, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
55 years exp
El Monte, CA8.6 mi
Dr. Alan Key Kims, MD is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA, with another office in Huntington Park, CA. He has 55 years of experience. View Profile

Tracy Janese Wampler

Nurse Practitioner
El Monte, CA8.7 mi
Tracy Janese Wampler is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Jesse Xiyu Woo, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
17 years exp
Accepting New Patients
Pomona, CA9.8 mi
Dr. Jesse Xiyu Woo, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Pomona, CA, with other offices in Hagerstown, MD and Pomona, CA. He has 17 years of experience. View Profile

Dr. Nubar Levon Vartanian, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sierra Madre, CA8.8 mi
Dr. Nubar Levon Vartanian, MD is a health care provider primarily located in Sierra Madre, CA. Their specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Traci Renee Vargas

Nurse Practitioner
El Monte, CA8.8 mi
Dr. Traci Renee Vargas is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nurse Practitioner. View Profile

Dr. Nichole Brianne Loree

Obstetrics & Gynecology
9 years exp
Diamond Bar, CA9.1 mi
Dr. Nichole Brianne Loree is a health care provider primarily located in Diamond Bar, CA. She has 9 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

Dr. Cammi Goodman, MD

Obstetrics & Gynecology
23 years exp
Accepting New Patients
El Monte, CA9.3 mi
Dr. Cammi Goodman, MD is a health care provider primarily located in El Monte, CA. She has 23 years of experience. Her specialties include Obstetrics & Gynecology. View Profile

What is an Obstetrician-Gynecologist and How Can They Help You?

An OB-GYN physician specializes in women's reproductive health throughout the lifespan, including pregnancy care and childbirth. These specialists provide both surgical and medical management from adolescence through post-menopausal years.

OB-GYNs complete medical school and a four-year obstetrics and gynecology residency combining surgical and medical training. Some pursue subspecialty fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine, gynecologic cancer, or fertility medicine.

An OB-GYN's clinical practice includes:

  • Concentrates on reproductive health, pregnancy management, and childbirth
  • Conducts gynecologic examinations, cervical cancer screening, prenatal monitoring, deliveries, and gynecologic operations
  • Manages gestational complications, menstrual irregularities, reproductive challenges, ovarian pathology, uterine fibroids, and menopausal transition
  • Provides pregnancy surveillance, operative deliveries, hysterectomies, hormonal interventions, and preventive care
  • Known as: women's health physician, obstetrician, gynecologist, MD, DO

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the best way to search for an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa who accepts my health insurance?
Navigate to the insurance filter located at the top of the search page and select your health plan. This will display only Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa who are in-network with your carrier. For additional confirmation, visit each doctor's profile or reach out to their office by phone.
Where can I find Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa who offer virtual appointments?
Select the "Virtual Visit" filter at the top of the search page to see Obstetrician-Gynecologists providing telehealth services in Azusa. Check each doctor's profile for video visit options and online scheduling availability. You may also call their office to set up a remote consultation.
What's the easiest way to locate highly-rated Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa?
Use the "Ratings" filter at the top of the search page to filter results by the average star rating. Browse individual profiles to see patient reviews and ratings in detail. When comparing Obstetrician-Gynecologists, look at both the average star rating and how many patients have submitted reviews.
Is it possible to schedule a same-day visit with an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa?
Visit individual doctor profiles to see their current scheduling availability in Azusa. If you don't see same-day openings listed online, try calling their office—walk-in times may be available that don't appear on the website.
Which Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa have the shortest wait times?
Review the Ratings & Reviews card on each provider's profile to see their average wait time in Azusa. This helps you find an Obstetrician-Gynecologist that doesn’t make their patients wait too long.
Can I schedule appointments with Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa without calling?
Search for Obstetrician-Gynecologists who have "Book Online" or "Request Now" options on their profiles. Click these buttons to access online appointment scheduling. If a provider doesn't offer web-based booking, their phone number will be available for traditional scheduling.
How do I locate an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa with evening or weekend hours?
Check the Locations card on each profile to view office hours for Obstetrician-Gynecologists in Azusa. This helps you find providers with non-traditional availability. For the most accurate information about extended availability, call the office directly.
How do I leave feedback about my appointment with an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa?
Go to your doctor's profile page and click the "Leave a Review" button or link. You can share your rating and write about your experience. Patient reviews like yours help others in the community choose the right Obstetrician-Gynecologist.
How can I locate an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa who is fluent in my preferred language?
Review the language information displayed on individual profiles for Obstetrician-Gynecologists. If this information isn't available online, contact the office directly to ask about the doctor's language capabilities or whether interpreters are available.
How do I search for an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Azusa who works at a particular hospital or medical center?
Check the "Hospital Affiliation" and "Locations" sections on each provider's profile to see where Obstetrician-Gynecologists practice. You can also enter a specific hospital or medical group name into the search tool to find Obstetrician-Gynecologists who work there.

Ensuring Data Transparency and Trust: A Guide to Vitals Doctor Listings and Reviews

Our provider data is gathered directly from physicians and publicly available databases. Providers who verify their profiles gain the ability to update information, offering additional details about their specialties,education, treated conditions, performed procedures, and accepted insurances.

Reviews on Vitals are submitted by users only. Recognizing the valuable insights these reviews offer into a doctor's reputation, we maintain internal policies and protocols to ensure the quality and accuracy of all reviews. Importantly, providers cannot delete or alter reviews independently. Reviews can only be deleted or changed following an internal assessment by our customer service team.

Your feedback is highly valued and we encourage you to contact our support team should you encounter any issues.